2026 NCLEX Study Guide: Pass NCLEX on Your First Try
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The Ultimate 2026 NCLEX Study Guide: Everything You NEED to Know to Pass
Master NGN Question Types, Delegation, Infection Control, Lab Values, Pharmacology & More — From Your Favorite Nursing Educators at YourNursingSpace
Last Updated: December 2025 | Based on Official NCSBN 2026 Test Plans
Hey future nurses! 👋
Alright, let's have a real talk here. If you're reading this, you're probably either getting ready to take the NCLEX in 2026, or you're in nursing school trying to figure out what on earth you need to focus on. Either way, I've got you.
The 2026 NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN test plans go into effect on April 1, 2026, and while the core nursing knowledge remains the same, there are some important updates you need to understand. More importantly, you need to master the Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) question formats and know EXACTLY what content areas trip students up the most.
So grab your coffee (or your energy drink — no judgment here), and let's break this down together. 💪
1. Next Generation NCLEX Questions: Master Every NGN Question Type
Okay, here's the deal — the NGN isn't just about WHAT you know, it's about HOW you think. The NCSBN developed the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (NCJMM) specifically to test your ability to make real clinical decisions. And according to NCSBN research, clinical judgment is linked to over 46% of tasks performed by entry-level nurses.
The NGN includes three unfolding case studies with six questions each (that's 18 clinical judgment questions guaranteed!), plus standalone items throughout your exam. Let me break down each question type for you:
🎯 Extended Multiple Response (SATA on Steroids)
Remember those Select All That Apply questions that made you question your entire existence? Well, they've evolved. The Extended Multiple Response format has MORE options and uses partial credit scoring — meaning you get points for correct answers even if you don't get them ALL right.
Here's my go-to strategy that actually works: Treat EVERY single answer choice as its own individual true/false question. Don't compare options to each other — evaluate each one independently against what you know is TRUE for that specific scenario. Ask yourself: "If this was the ONLY option presented, would this be correct?" This prevents you from talking yourself out of correct answers.
🎀 Bowtie Questions
Alright, this is where students really struggle. Bowtie questions look exactly like they sound — shaped like a bowtie with five spaces you need to fill in:
- Left side (2 boxes): Actions to take or causes/contributing factors
- Center (1 box): The priority condition or problem
- Right side (2 boxes): Parameters to monitor or expected outcomes
The key here is that the center drives EVERYTHING. You need to first identify the most likely condition, then work outward to determine what actions address that condition and what parameters would show improvement.
📖 Unfolding Case Studies (6 Questions Per Scenario)
This is the BIG one. You'll get a clinical scenario that evolves — the patient's condition changes, new information comes in, and you have to respond appropriately at EACH step. These case studies follow the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model:
- Recognize Cues — What information is RELEVANT in this scenario?
- Analyze Cues — What do these cues MEAN together?
- Prioritize Hypotheses — Which problem is MOST urgent right now?
- Generate Solutions — What are the possible interventions?
- Take Action — What do you DO right now?
- Evaluate Outcomes — Did your intervention WORK?
I know you want to finish quickly, but these 6-question sets are worth significant points. The NCSBN found that students spend appropriate time on these — they're designed to take longer. Take your time, read the new information carefully as the case unfolds.
📍 Highlight & Hot Spot Questions
These ask you to either highlight text in a passage that's clinically significant OR click on an image (like selecting the correct area for an injection). For highlighting questions, look for assessment findings that require follow-up — anything abnormal or concerning.
📊 Matrix/Grid & Drag-and-Drop
Matrix questions often ask you to categorize information (effective vs. ineffective interventions, expected vs. unexpected findings). Drag-and-drop questions test sequencing and prioritization. For both: read the column headers carefully — students miss points simply because they don't understand what's being asked.
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Shop NCLEX FastTrack Bundle →2. NCLEX Delegation Questions: What Can RN, LPN & UAP Do?
Real talk — delegation and prioritization questions are where students lose the most points. And I get it! You haven't actually delegated anyone yet in clinical. But the NCLEX doesn't care — they expect you to know this cold.
🖐️ The 5 Rights of Delegation
Memorize these. Tattoo them on your brain. According to the NCSBN and ANA National Guidelines on Nursing Delegation, you MUST consider all five:
| Right | What to Ask Yourself |
|---|---|
| Right Task | Is this task appropriate to delegate based on the patient's condition and scope of practice? |
| Right Circumstance | Is the patient stable? Is the clinical situation predictable? |
| Right Person | Does this staff member have the competency and training to perform this task? |
| Right Direction | Did I give clear, specific instructions including what, when, and when to report back? |
| Right Supervision | Am I available for questions and will I follow up to evaluate the outcome? |
👩⚕️ RN vs. LPN/LVN vs. UAP Scope of Practice
This is where I see students make the most mistakes. Here's what you need to burn into your memory:
🔴 ONLY the RN Can Do These (NEVER Delegate):
- Initial/admission assessments and comprehensive head-to-toe assessments
- Triage (determining acuity/priority)
- Developing nursing diagnoses and care plans
- Initial patient/family teaching
- IV push medications
- Evaluation of care plan effectiveness
- Discharge planning and teaching
- Anything requiring nursing judgment on UNSTABLE patients
🟡 LPN/LVN Can Do (Under RN Supervision):
- Focused assessments (NOT initial assessments)
- Most medication administration (PO, subQ, IM — NOT IV push in most states)
- Wound care, dressing changes
- Catheter insertion/care, ostomy care
- Tracheostomy care and suctioning
- Reinforcing teaching AFTER the RN has done initial education
- Contribute to (but NOT develop) the care plan
- Care for STABLE, PREDICTABLE patients
🟢 UAP/CNA Can Do:
- ADLs: bathing, feeding, toileting, ambulation
- Vital signs (on stable patients)
- Intake & output measurement
- Specimen collection (non-invasive)
- CPR
- Transport
- Bed making, positioning
- Daily weights
Administer ANY medications (including topical ointments in most settings), perform assessments, give patient education, insert/remove invasive devices, or perform wound care. If a question asks about delegating any of these to a UAP — the answer is NO.
⚖️ The Stable vs. Unstable Rule
P = Post-op (fresh, within 24-48 hours)
U = Unstable vital signs or condition
P = Procedures at bedside (invasive)
P = Priority needs (complex teaching, initial assessment)
S = Status changes (new symptoms, deterioration)
The general rule: Stable + Predictable + Routine = Can delegate to appropriate staff. Anything else — you as the RN need to handle it directly.
3. NCLEX Infection Control: C. diff, Isolation & PPE (CDC Guidelines)
Infection control is heavily tested and frequently missed. Here's what you need to know — especially the things students get wrong ALL the time.
C. difficile = SOAP AND WATER ONLY. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers do NOT kill C. diff spores. According to CDC guidelines and WHO hand hygiene recommendations, soap and water physically REMOVES spores from hands — alcohol cannot inactivate them. This is one of the most commonly missed questions on the NCLEX.
🦠 Isolation Precautions by Disease Type
| Precaution Type | PPE Required | Key Diseases | Room |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | Gloves, additional PPE based on exposure | ALL patients (assume everyone is potentially infectious) | Regular |
| Contact | Gown + Gloves (always) | C. diff, MRSA, VRE, RSV, Scabies, wound infections | Private or cohort |
| Droplet | Surgical mask + Standard | Influenza, Pertussis (whooping cough), Mumps, Meningitis, Rubella | Private or cohort (3 feet distance) |
| Airborne | N95 respirator + Standard | TB, Measles, Chickenpox (Varicella), Disseminated Shingles | Negative pressure room |
M = Measles
T = Tuberculosis
V = Varicella (Chickenpox)
These need N95 + Negative Pressure Room!
S = Strep (Group A)
P = Pertussis, Parvovirus
I = Influenza
D = Diphtheria (pharyngeal)
E = Epiglottitis
R = Rubella
M = Meningitis, Mumps, Mycoplasma
AN = Adenovirus, Norovirus (some)
👗 PPE Donning & Doffing Order
🟠 Donning (Putting ON)
Order: G-M-G-G
- Gown
- Mask/Respirator
- Goggles/Face Shield
- Gloves (LAST)
🟢 Doffing (Taking OFF)
Order: G-G-G-M
- Gloves (FIRST — most contaminated)
- Goggles/Face Shield
- Gown
- Mask (LAST — outside room)
Your gloves touch the patient and environment — they're the MOST contaminated. Remove them first. Your mask protects YOU — it comes off last, OUTSIDE the patient's room after hand hygiene.
4. NCLEX Lab Values: Normal Ranges & Critical Values You Must Know
Good news: The NGN NCLEX provides reference ranges during your exam! But here's the thing — you still need to know what these values MEAN, when they become DANGEROUS, and what your nursing interventions should be. Don't just memorize numbers — understand the clinical significance.
⚡ Electrolytes (Know These COLD)
| Electrolyte | Normal Range | Why It Matters | Critical Signs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Potassium (K⁺) | 3.5–5.0 mEq/L | Cardiac function, muscle contraction | ECG changes (peaked T waves HIGH, flattened T waves LOW), arrhythmias, cardiac arrest |
| Sodium (Na⁺) | 136–145 mEq/L | Fluid balance, neuro function | Confusion, seizures, coma (both hypo & hyper) |
| Calcium (Ca²⁺) | 8.4–10.2 mg/dL | Bone health, cardiac, neuromuscular | Trousseau's/Chvostek's signs (LOW), arrhythmias |
| Magnesium (Mg²⁺) | 1.5–2.0 mEq/L | Cardiac, neuromuscular | Arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory depression |
Bananas are high in potassium. Normal K⁺ = 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
Potassium abnormalities are the MOST dangerous for cardiac function. Both HIGH (>5.0) and LOW (<3.5) can cause life-threatening arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Always monitor the cardiac rhythm when K⁺ is abnormal!
🩸 ABG Interpretation (Step-by-Step Framework)
ABG interpretation is a skill that shows up on EVERY NCLEX. Use this framework EVERY time:
- Look at pH — Is it acidic (<7.35), alkalotic (>7.45), or normal (7.35–7.45)?
- Identify the PRIMARY disorder — Look at CO₂ (respiratory) and HCO₃ (metabolic). Which one matches the pH direction?
- Check for compensation — Is the OTHER system trying to bring pH back to normal?
Respiratory = Opposite (if pH is LOW and CO₂ is HIGH = respiratory acidosis)
Metabolic = Equal (if pH is LOW and HCO₃ is LOW = metabolic acidosis)
| Value | Normal Range | Acidotic | Alkalotic |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.35–7.45 | <7.35 | >7.45 |
| PaCO₂ | 35–45 mmHg | >45 (retaining CO₂) | <35 (blowing off CO₂) |
| HCO₃ | 22–26 mEq/L | <22 | >26 |
💊 Drug Therapeutic Ranges vs. Toxic Levels
These four medications are HIGH-YIELD for NCLEX — you WILL see questions about them:
| Drug | Therapeutic Range | Toxicity Signs |
|---|---|---|
| Digoxin | 0.5–2.0 ng/mL | Visual disturbances (yellow-green halos), N/V, bradycardia, arrhythmias. CHECK POTASSIUM — hypokalemia increases toxicity risk! |
| Lithium | 0.6–1.2 mEq/L (toxic >1.5) |
GI upset, tremors, drowsiness → confusion, ataxia, seizures. DEHYDRATION and LOW SODIUM increase levels! |
| Theophylline | 10–20 mcg/mL | N/V, restlessness, tachycardia, seizures |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | 10–20 mcg/mL | Nystagmus, ataxia, slurred speech, confusion |
Always check apical pulse for 1 FULL MINUTE before giving. Hold if HR <60 bpm (adults) or <70-90 bpm (children). HYPOKALEMIA dramatically increases risk of digoxin toxicity — monitor K⁺ levels!
💊 Pharmacology Mastery Notes (65+ Pages)
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Shop Pharmacology Guide →5. NCLEX Pharmacology: Drug Suffixes, Interactions & When to Hold
Pharmacology makes up approximately 13-19% of your NCLEX (under Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies). Instead of trying to memorize every drug, focus on these high-yield categories and patterns:
🏷️ Drug Name Suffixes That Save Lives
| Suffix | Drug Class | Key Nursing Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| -olol | Beta-blockers | Monitor HR/BP, mask hypoglycemia symptoms in diabetics, don't stop abruptly |
| -pril | ACE Inhibitors | Monitor for dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, renal function |
| -sartan | ARBs | Similar to ACE-I but NO cough; monitor K⁺ and renal function |
| -statin | Cholesterol-lowering | Take at night, monitor liver function, report muscle pain (rhabdomyolysis) |
| -azole | Antifungals | Many drug interactions, monitor liver function |
| -pam, -lam | Benzodiazepines | CNS depression, fall risk, respiratory depression; antidote = Flumazenil |
| -mycin, -micin | Aminoglycosides | Monitor for ototoxicity (tinnitus) and nephrotoxicity; check peak/trough levels |
💉 Medication Calculation Tips
Step 1: Convert weight to kg if needed (lbs ÷ 2.2)
Step 2: Calculate dose (mg/kg × patient's weight in kg)
Step 3: Determine volume to give (dose needed ÷ concentration on hand)
mL/hr = (Total volume × drop factor) ÷ (Time in minutes)
OR for pumps: mL/hr = Volume (mL) ÷ Time (hours)
🛑 When to HOLD or QUESTION Medications
- Digoxin: Hold if HR <60 bpm (adults), K⁺ <3.5 or >5.0
- Beta-blockers: Hold if HR <60 bpm or SBP <100 mmHg
- ACE-I/ARBs: Hold if K⁺ >5.5 or signs of angioedema
- Insulin: Hold if patient is NPO, adjust per blood glucose
- Metformin: Hold 48 hours before/after contrast dye procedures
- Anticoagulants: Hold before invasive procedures, check INR/PTT
6. NCLEX Priority Questions: Sepsis, ACS, DKA & Clinical Scenarios
These are the scenarios that show up repeatedly on the NCLEX — and where students consistently miss points. Let me break down exactly what you need to know:
🦠 Sepsis Bundle (Hour-1 Bundle)
According to the 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines, early identification and treatment is CRITICAL. The Hour-1 Bundle should begin immediately upon sepsis recognition:
Surviving Sepsis Hour-1 Bundle:
- Measure LACTATE — Remeasure if initial lactate >2 mmol/L
- Obtain BLOOD CULTURES — Before antibiotics when possible
- Administer BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS — Ideally within 1 hour
- Begin RAPID FLUID RESUSCITATION — 30 mL/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥4 mmol/L
- Apply VASOPRESSORS — If hypotensive during/after fluid resuscitation (target MAP ≥65 mmHg)
Research shows that every hour of antibiotic delay increases mortality. For patients with septic shock, antibiotics should be given within 1 hour of recognition. The SSC emphasizes: treat sepsis as a medical emergency.
❤️ Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
M = Morphine (for pain)
O = Oxygen (if SpO₂ <94%)
N = Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
A = Aspirin (chewed, 162-325 mg)
B = Beta-blockers
A = ACE inhibitors
S = Statin
H = Heparin
Women often present WITHOUT classic chest pain! Look for: fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath, jaw pain, back pain, indigestion, dizziness. Don't dismiss vague complaints in female patients!
🍭 DKA vs. Hypoglycemia
🔴 DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)
- BG >300 mg/dL (often 300-800)
- Type 1 > Type 2
- Ketones present (fruity breath)
- Kussmaul respirations (deep, rapid)
- Dehydration, polyuria
- Metabolic ACIDOSIS
- TX: IV fluids, IV insulin, K⁺ replacement, correct acidosis
🟢 Hypoglycemia
- BG <70 mg/dL
- Both Type 1 & Type 2
- Sweating, tremors, tachycardia
- Confusion, irritability
- Hunger
- Cool, clammy skin
- TX: 15g fast-acting carbs, recheck in 15 min (Rule of 15)
Before starting insulin, CHECK POTASSIUM! Insulin drives K⁺ into cells. If K⁺ is already low, insulin can cause fatal hypokalemia and cardiac arrhythmias. Replace K⁺ FIRST if <3.5 mEq/L!
🧠 Stroke Assessment & tPA Window
F = Face drooping (ask patient to smile)
A = Arm weakness (drift test)
S = Speech difficulty (slurred, confused)
T = Time to call 911 — Note the TIME symptoms started!
According to AHA/ASA guidelines, IV tPA is approved within 3 hours of symptom onset (FDA approved), with some evidence supporting administration up to 4.5 hours in select patients. TIME OF SYMPTOM ONSET IS CRITICAL! If unknown (wake-up stroke), advanced imaging may help determine eligibility.
💉 Shock Types Quick Reference
| Shock Type | Cause | Key Signs | Priority Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypovolemic | Blood/fluid loss | ↓BP, ↑HR, cool/clammy skin, ↓urine output | IV fluids, blood products, stop bleeding |
| Cardiogenic | Pump failure (MI) | ↓BP, ↑HR, JVD, crackles, pulmonary edema | Inotropes (dobutamine), vasopressors, may need IABP |
| Septic | Infection | EARLY: warm, flushed skin; LATE: cold, mottled | IV fluids 30 mL/kg, antibiotics, norepinephrine |
| Anaphylactic | Allergic reaction | Rash, wheezing, angioedema, hypotension | EPINEPHRINE first! Then fluids, antihistamines, steroids |
| Neurogenic | Spinal cord injury | Hypotension + BRADYCARDIA (only shock type!) | Vasopressors, atropine, fluids |
7. How to Answer NCLEX SATA Questions & NGN Test-Taking Strategies
📚 How to Approach Unfolding Case Studies
- Read the ENTIRE initial scenario — Don't skim. The scenario contains critical context that applies to all 6 questions.
- Identify the PRIMARY problem — Before answering, ask: "What is the MOST important issue right now?"
- Watch for NEW information — As the case unfolds, new data is introduced. This new info changes your answers!
- Apply the NCJMM sequence — The questions follow the clinical judgment model: recognize → analyze → prioritize → generate → act → evaluate.
- Don't change previous answers — You can't go back, so trust your reasoning and move forward.
🎯 Recognizing "Linked Answers"
In NGN questions, some answers are conceptually linked — if you pick one, another becomes more or less likely to be correct. For example:
If you identify "decreased cardiac output" as the priority problem, then interventions like "administer IV fluids" or "prepare for inotropic medication" become logical answers for the action phase. Your problem identification should guide your intervention selection.
⏱️ Time Management
- Total time: 5 hours maximum (same as before NGN)
- Minimum questions: 85 items
- Maximum questions: 150 items
- Case studies: Plan for ~10-15 minutes per 6-question case study
- Standalone items: Average 1-2 minutes per question
- Don't rush: You have time. Quality thinking > fast clicking
📖 Rationale Review That Builds Retention
When you miss a question, don't just read WHY you got it wrong — understand the CONCEPT behind it. Ask yourself:
- What topic does this question test?
- What did I misunderstand or not know?
- What would I need to study to get this right next time?
- Can I explain this concept to someone else now?
8. How to Pass NCLEX on Your First Try: 3-Month Study Plan
📅 The 3-Month Study Plan (The Sweet Spot)
Research and student feedback consistently show that 3 months of dedicated NCLEX prep produces the best results — enough time to thoroughly cover content and build stamina without burning out.
Month 1: Content Review
- Review ALL major content areas (med-surg, peds, OB, mental health, fundamentals)
- 30-40 practice questions daily
- Focus on understanding concepts, not memorizing
- Create/review flashcards for weak areas
Month 2: Application & Practice
- Increase to 60-75 questions daily
- Focus on NGN question types (especially case studies)
- Thorough rationale review for EVERY question (right and wrong)
- Identify weak areas and target them specifically
Month 3: Test Stamina & Polish
- 75-100+ questions daily
- Full-length practice exams (simulate test conditions)
- Build mental endurance for the 5-hour exam
- Light content review of weak areas only
- Focus on test-taking strategies
📊 Daily Question Goals
| Study Phase | Daily Questions | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Early (Week 1-4) | 30-50 | Content review, building foundation |
| Middle (Week 5-8) | 60-75 | Application, NGN practice, rationale review |
| Final (Week 9-12) | 75-100+ | Stamina building, full-length practice tests |
It's better to do 50 questions with thorough rationale review than 100 questions that you rush through. If you're not learning from every question, you're not preparing effectively.
🔄 When to Review Weak Areas vs. New Content
Spend roughly 60% of your time on your weak areas and 40% maintaining your strong areas. Track your performance by topic and adjust accordingly. Most Qbanks show you performance by category — USE that data!
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Shop Mark Klimek Bundle →Frequently Asked Questions About the 2026 NCLEX
What are the 2026 NCLEX changes?
The 2026 NCLEX test plan takes effect April 1, 2026. Key changes include renaming "Safety and Infection Control" to "Safety and Infection Prevention and Control" and adding three new activity statements. Importantly, category percentages remain the same as the 2023 test plan. The NGN format with clinical judgment focus continues unchanged.
What is the NCLEX pass rate in 2025?
As of late 2025, the first-time NCLEX-RN pass rate for US-educated nurses is approximately 87-88%. Repeat test-takers have significantly lower pass rates around 53%. This means first-time test-takers have nearly double the pass rate of repeat test-takers — making proper first-attempt preparation crucial.
How many questions is the NCLEX in 2026?
The NCLEX-RN ranges from 85 to 150 questions (including 15 unscored pretest items). The exam uses Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT) — it stops when the algorithm determines with 95% confidence whether you're above or below the passing standard. You have 5 hours maximum to complete the exam.
Is the Next Generation NCLEX harder?
The NGN isn't necessarily harder — it's different. It tests clinical judgment through new question types (unfolding case studies, bowtie, matrix) rather than just content recall. The good news: NGN now offers partial credit scoring on some questions, so you can earn points even without getting everything perfect. Students who practice with NGN-style questions typically adapt well.
How do I answer NCLEX SATA questions correctly?
For SATA (Select All That Apply) questions: Treat each option as an independent true/false question. Ask yourself "Does this option directly answer what the question is asking?" Don't compare options to each other. With NGN partial credit, you gain points for correct selections and lose points for incorrect ones — but you can't go below zero. Always select at least 2 options (there's always more than one correct answer).
What can LPNs delegate? What can UAPs do?
LPNs can: Perform focused assessments, give most medications (not IV push in most states), wound care, catheter care, reinforce teaching, and care for stable/predictable patients. UAPs (CNAs) can: ADLs, vital signs on stable patients, I&O measurement, non-invasive specimen collection, transport, and positioning. Neither can: Initial assessments, develop care plans, initial patient teaching, IV medications, or care for unstable patients.
How long should I study for the NCLEX?
Most successful first-time passers study 2-3 months after graduation. Aim for 3-4 hours daily, working up to 75-100 practice questions per day by the final month. Use the 60/40 rule: spend 60% of time on weak areas and 40% maintaining strong areas. Take at least one full-length practice exam under test conditions before your actual test date.
Should I use soap and water or hand sanitizer for C. diff?
SOAP AND WATER ONLY for C. difficile! This is one of the most commonly missed NCLEX questions. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers do NOT kill C. diff spores. You must use soap and water because the mechanical friction physically removes the spores from your hands. This is per CDC and WHO guidelines.
You've Got This! 💪
Remember — the NCLEX tests minimum competency for safe nursing practice. You've made it through nursing school. You KNOW this content. Now it's about applying what you know with confidence.
📚 Verified Sources & References
This guide was researched and fact-checked using the following authoritative sources (verified 3x):
- NCSBN — 2026 NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN Test Plans (Approved August 2025); Clinical Judgment Measurement Model; 2024 Practice Analysis Reports (ncsbn.org, nclex.com)
- CDC — Clinical Guidance for C. diff Infection Prevention; 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions (cdc.gov)
- WHO — Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care; Guide to Appropriate Hand Hygiene in Connection with C. difficile
- Surviving Sepsis Campaign — International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021 (SCCM/ESICM)
- American Heart Association/American Stroke Association — Guidelines for Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke; tPA administration guidelines
- NCSBN/ANA — National Guidelines on Nursing Delegation (2019)
- StatPearls/NCBI — Clinical references for DKA, Shock, Pharmacology (NIH/NLM)
- NBME — Laboratory Values Reference Ranges
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